{"id":32236,"date":"2016-09-26T10:32:24","date_gmt":"2016-09-26T07:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/?p=32236"},"modified":"2016-09-23T10:34:59","modified_gmt":"2016-09-23T07:34:59","slug":"felsefe-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/felsefe-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Felsefe Nedir ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Felsefe Nedir ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 felsefenin tan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Felsefeyi tan\u0131mlamadan \u00f6nce,\u00a0 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir olay\u0131 nakledelim: 1832 – 1918 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, \u00fcnl\u00fc bir filozof olan Jules Lachelier<\/em> y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretmen okulunu bitirdikten sonra, Toulouse<\/em> Lisesi\u2019 ne felsefe \u00f6\u011fretmeni olaak atan\u0131r: Gen\u00e7 felsefeci, ilk dersinde ilk do\u011fal soruyu sorar: \u201c Felsefe Nedir ? <\/strong>\u201c<\/em> Sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 kendisi verir: \u201d Bilmiyorum ! \u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frenciler, olan biteni okul d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc evde anlat\u0131rlar. Ertesi g\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn kent, k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131kla \u00e7alkalan\u0131r. \u201d Nas\u0131l olur da bir felsefeci felsefenin ne oldu\u011funu bilmez ?\u00a0 U\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnden habersiz bir insan\u0131 nas\u0131l olur da Paris\u2019 teki yetkililer \u00f6\u011fretmen diye g\u00f6nderirler ? <\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Lachelier \u201d Felsefenin ne oldu\u011funu bilmiyorum,<\/em><\/strong> \u201d demekle, felsefenin herkesin \u00fczerinde anla\u015fabilece\u011fi genel ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi olan, kesin bir tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 belirtmek istemi\u015ftir. Lachelier<\/em> \u00e7ok hakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc felsefenin, mant\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u00a0 istedi\u011fi gibi \u201d efrad\u0131n\u0131 cami, a\u011fyar\u0131n\u0131 mani<\/em> \u201d kural\u0131na uygun kesin bir tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmak \u00e7ok zordur. Zorlu\u011fun nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Felsefe donmu\u015f, statik bir bilgi k\u00fcmesi de\u011fildir. Dinamaktir ve s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fir. Tarih boyunca felsefi sistemler felsefi sistemleri izlemi\u015f; her filozof, kendinden \u00f6nce gelenlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden farkl\u0131, kimi zaman onlara z\u0131r bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen felsefi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere de kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Aquino\u2019 lu Ermi\u015f Tomasso ve Karl Marx \u2018 \u0131n ikiside b\u00fcy\u00fck filozoftur. Fakat kurduklar\u0131 felsefenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirsizdir.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Felsefenin konusunun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirsizdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin fizi\u011fin, tarihin belli konular\u0131 vard\u0131r. Felsefenin ise belli bir konusu yoktur. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc varl\u0131k alan\u0131 felsefenin konusu olabilir. Felsefe hem var olan \u015feylerle hem de onlar\u0131n bilgisi ile ilgilenir. \u00d6rne\u011fin felsefe, bilginin kaynaklar\u0131, karakteri ile ilgilendi\u011fi gibi sanat\u0131, dini, dili, ahlak\u0131 da inceler.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Felsefe karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir varl\u0131k alan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu karmakar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fair Necip Faz\u0131l K\u0131sak\u00fcrek<\/em><\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> , \u015f\u00f6yle ifade etmi\u015f: \u201d Felsefe, bir \u00e7uval \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck ceviz i\u00e7inde bulunan sa\u011flam bir cevizi el yordam\u0131 ile bulmak demektir. \u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Felsefeyi tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n zorlu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131da tan\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Platon<\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> \u2018 a g\u00f6re felsefe, do\u011fruya varmak, var olan\u0131 bilmek i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin y\u00f6ntemli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>. Aristoteles<\/em><\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> i\u00e7in felsefe, ilkeler bilimidir. Var olan\u0131n ilk temellerini ve ilkelerini ara\u015ft\u0131ran bilimdir.<\/em>
    \n\u00dcnl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Farabi<\/em><\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> felsefeyi \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f: \u201c Felsefe, varolmalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan varl\u0131klar\u0131n bilinmesidir.<\/em><\/strong> \u201d \u0130bn-i<\/em><\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> Sina\u2019ya g\u00f6re felsefe, \u201d nesnelerin hakikatlerinin bnir insan\u0131n kavrayabilece\u011fi kadar kavranmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/em><\/strong>\u201d
    \nStoa okulu felsefeyi, insan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen, ya\u015fam\u0131na y\u00f6n veren bir sanat olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcnl\u00fc alman filozofu Hegel<\/em><\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> \u2018e g\u00f6re felsefe, \u201d kendini bilin\u00e7li hale getiren d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc<\/em><\/strong>e \u201cdir. Nesnelerin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce taraf\u0131ndan derin bir \u015fekilde incelenmesidir.
    \nKant<\/em><\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong> felsefe i\u00e7in \u015fu tan\u0131m\u0131 vermi\u015ftir: \u201d Felsefe, kendisini akla dayanan nedenlerle me\u015fru k\u0131lmak ve hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak iddias\u0131nda olan zihinsel bir etkinliktir \u201d
    \n20. yy. \u2018 da \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f Alman filozofu Karl Jaspers<\/em><\/strong>W<\/sup><\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0 felsefeyi \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlar: \u201d Felsefenin \u00f6z\u00fc, ger\u00e7e\u011fin ele ge\u00e7irilmesiyle de\u011fil, ger\u00e7e\u011fin aranmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle; felsefenin \u00f6z\u00fc bilgi edinmekten \u00e7ok, bilgiyi aray\u0131p ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktat\u0131r. Felsefe yola koyulmak, yolda olmak demektir. Felsefede sorular yan\u0131tlardan daha \u00f6nemlidir ve her yan\u0131t yeni bir soru olup \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/em><\/strong>\u201d
    \nProf. Dr. A. Arslan felsefenin tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek onu \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201d Felsefe, akla dayanan nedenlerle kendisini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bireysel, ele\u015ftirici, reflektif, b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fc ve tutarl\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong> \u201d Tanilli \u2018ye g\u00f6re felsefe yapmak; bilgilerimiz \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, onlar\u0131 sorgulamak, yani \u201d yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irip tart\u0131\u015fmak <\/em><\/strong>\u201cd\u0131r.
    \nBu tan\u0131mlar\u00a0 felsefenin iki temel niteli\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer:<\/p>\n

    1 ) Felsefenin \u00f6z\u00fc bilgitye sahip olmaktan \u00e7ok, onu aramak ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    2 ) Flesefe akla dayanan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. Felsefe kavramlarla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Felsefe ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu kavramlar\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 almaz, kendi yarat\u0131r. Bu nedenle Deleuze- Guattari felsefeyi, \u201d kavram olu\u015fturmak, ke\u015ffetmek, \u00fcretmek sanat\u0131 \u201d diye tan\u0131mlar.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Russel<\/em><\/strong> \u2018e g\u00f6re felsefe, tanr\u0131bilimle bilim aras\u0131nda her ikisinin de sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k bir tampon b\u00f6lgesidir. Felsefe \u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin var olanla <\/em>\u201d kurdu\u011fu bir t\u00fcr ili\u015fkidir. Bu ili\u015fkileri her filozof hakl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kuruyor; var olana farkl\u0131 boyutta bakabiliyor. Filozof, bu ili\u015fkileri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, kendisine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak ya d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyada var olan\u0131 al\u0131r ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden yola \u00e7\u0131kar.
    \nE\u011fer filozofun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyada var olan, yani madde ise, onun felsefesi materyalist<\/em><\/strong> felsefedir. E\u011fer, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ise, idealist<\/em><\/strong> felsefe ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Materyalistler<\/em> maddenin esas oldu\u011funu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin onun \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu savunurlar. \u0130dealistler<\/em> t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin faaliyetinin bir sonucu oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Felsefe Nedir ? Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 felsefenin tan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Felsefeyi tan\u0131mlamadan \u00f6nce,\u00a0 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir olay\u0131 nakledelim: 1832 – 1918 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, \u00fcnl\u00fc bir filozof olan Jules Lachelier y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretmen okulunu bitirdikten sonra, Toulouse Lisesi\u2019 ne felsefe \u00f6\u011fretmeni olaak atan\u0131r: Gen\u00e7 felsefeci, ilk dersinde ilk do\u011fal soruyu sorar: \u201c Felsefe Nedir ? \u201c Sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 kendisi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":32157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32236"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}