{"id":32234,"date":"2016-09-24T10:27:55","date_gmt":"2016-09-24T07:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/?p=32234"},"modified":"2016-09-23T10:31:53","modified_gmt":"2016-09-23T07:31:53","slug":"kabala-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/kabala-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Kabala Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kabala<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130branca \u201d kblh \u201d n\u0131n kelime \u00e7evirisi: \u201d A\u011f\u0131zdan kula\u011fa \u201cd\u0131r, \u201d Rivayet \u201d anlam\u0131na gelir; Orta\u00e7a\u011f Yahudi <\/em><\/strong>Mistik<\/em><\/strong> \u00f6\u011fretisi ve eserleri i\u00e7in derleyici tan\u0131mlamad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kabala, Tora ( Musa\u2019 n\u0131n be\u015f kitab\u0131 )<\/em> ve \u0130ncil<\/em>\u2018 in di\u011fer kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel tefsirinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha \u00f6nceki tefsirlerin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f derlemelerinden, \u00f6rne\u011fin Talmud<\/em><\/strong> \u2018da bulunduklar\u0131 gibi, ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar Fransa\u2019n\u0131n ve \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel merkezlerinde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu gibi Yahudilikte de tefsir sanat\u0131 o kadar ilerlemi\u015fti ki, \u201d Skolastik<\/em> \u201d formalizmi alt\u0131nda kat\u0131la\u015fma tehlikesi ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6nceleri Provence Yahudileri aras\u0131nda, daha sonra \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya Yahudileri aras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ile ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Kabala\u2019n\u0131n Yahudi misti\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fct\u00fcn Yahudilikte yay\u0131ld\u0131. Kabala\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00fc\u00e7 eseri \u015funlard\u0131r; Muhtemelen V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Provence \u2018de yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Sefer haBahir ( Ayd\u0131nlanma Kitab\u0131 )<\/em> bu esere dayan\u0131r. Bu ikisinden olu\u015fan ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da ilaveye sahip bir derleme, XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130spanya\u2019da yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Zohar \u2018d\u0131r( ihti\u015fam )<\/em>. Efsane olu\u015fumuna g\u00f6re bu kitaplar\u0131n hepsi tabii ki \u00e7ok eskidir ve erken d\u00f6nemdeki \u00e7ok me\u015fhur hahamlar\u0131n eserleridir. Her \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn de konusu \u201d Scfirot \u201c<\/em><\/strong> a\u011fac\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda rakam olan \u0130brani alfabe harflerinin anlam\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n Astroloji ( \u00f6zellikle Sefer Yetzirah eserinde )<\/em>, yeniden do\u011fum, bilgeli\u011fin 32 patikas\u0131 ya da 1. Musa kitab\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f dizelerinin ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131na ( Sefer haBahir eserinde )<\/em> ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

\u0130brani harflerinin \u00f6zel anlam\u0131, bir\u00e7ok di\u011fer halkta oldu\u011fu gibi ilk d\u00f6nem Yahudilikte, kutsal metinlerin yaz\u0131larak kutsiyetinin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131n yasak olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak bu aktar\u0131m\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu ikilemden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu, haflerin kendisinin kutsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle Talmud<\/em><\/strong> \u2018un en eski metinleri Mi\u015fna \u201d Pirke Avoth \u201d da ( Babalar\u0131n Kelamlar\u0131 )<\/em>, \u0130brani harflerinin bi\u00e7imi, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sabbath\u2019ta tan a\u011far\u0131rken yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 on nesneden birisidir; nesneler do\u011fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunur fakat do\u011fal d\u00fczeni rahats\u0131z etmez, \u00f6rne\u011fin Bilam<\/em><\/strong>\u2018\u0131n \u201d ( Konu\u015fan )\u00a0 e\u015fe\u011finin a\u011fz\u0131<\/em>\u201d gibi. Mi\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yerinde, \u201d Menachot \u201d ( Yemek kurban\u0131 )<\/em> Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n harflere ta\u00e7lar, diakritik i\u015faretler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilir ve \u0130sa bunlardan \u015f\u00f6yle bahseder ( Matta 5:18 ) \u201d \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc size do\u011frusunu s\u00f6yleyeyim: G\u00f6k ve yer ge\u00e7ip gitmeden, her \u015fey ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeden Kutsal Yasa\u2019 dan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir harf ya da nokta bile yok olmayacakt\u0131r. \u201d <\/em><\/strong>kabalistlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re yaratma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tora\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn harfleri mevcuttu, fakat kelimelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015fti ve \u00c2dem \u015feytana uymasayd\u0131, mevcut olandan farkl\u0131 bir s\u0131ralamaya gireceklerdi Bu nedenle Tanr\u0131, Mesih\u2019in var\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra bunlar\u0131n \u015fimdiki s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak yenisi yaratacakt\u0131r ya da Mesih inan\u00e7l\u0131lara \u015fimdiki metni, harflerin farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fczeninde okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretecektir.<\/p>\n

Kabalistlerin \u00e7abalar\u0131, \u015fu anda var olan\u0131n ard\u0131nda, Mesih zaman\u0131ndaki bu \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 metin i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir; o buna Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 getirir, ayn\u0131 on Scfirot<\/em>\u2018 da ( K\u0131ymetli ta\u015flar ) <\/em>tanr\u0131sal olan\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ortaya koymas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi. Bir \u201d a\u011fa\u00e7 \u201d <\/em><\/strong>\u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f Scfirot<\/em>, yeniplatonik\u00e7ilerin \u00e7ok farl\u0131 bir yap\u0131l\u0131m kademesi veya zincirinin resmidir, \u00f6yle ki bunun \u00fczerinde tanr\u0131l\u0131k yarat\u0131m\u0131 etkiler ve bunun \u00fczerinden onunla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar. A\u011fac\u0131 \u015funlar olu\u015fturur:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Keter ( Keter Elyon ) – ( En y\u00fcksek ) ta\u00e7
    \n2.<\/strong> Hohma – Bilgelik
    \n3.<\/strong> Bina – Zeka ( Ak\u0131l )
    \n4.<\/strong> Hesad – L\u00fctuf, Gerdula – Y\u00fccelik
    \n5.<\/strong> Gevura- Gisa, Din ( Yarg\u0131 )
    \n6.<\/strong> Tipheret – G\u00fczellik, Rahamim ( \u015eevkat )
    \n7.<\/strong> Nitzah – Zafer
    \n8<\/strong>. Hod – Ha\u015fmet
    \n9.<\/strong> Tzadik – Adil, Yesod Olam ( D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Kurtulu\u015fu )
    \n10.<\/strong> Malkhuth – \u0130ktidar, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u015eimdi yarat\u0131m birbiriyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6rt d\u00fcnyadan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: En y\u00fckse\u011fi ve her \u015feyi kapsayaqn Atziluth\u2019 tur, tanr\u0131sal isimlerin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 Briah kapsar, ba\u015fa meleklerin d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen Yetzirah \u2018 t\u0131r ve neticede bi\u00e7imlerin hiyerar\u015fik d\u00fcnyas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n ve nesnelerin elemental d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131yan Assiah\u2019t\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6rt d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her birisinde bir Scfirot<\/em> a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131r ve d\u00f6rt a\u011fa\u00e7 aralar\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r, \u00f6yle ki kabalist Scfirot a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karak tanr\u0131sal isimlerin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kadar eri\u015febilir. Bu \u00f6rne\u011fin ekstatik kabalada ( <\/em><\/strong>Esrime<\/em><\/strong> ) <\/em><\/strong>ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, ki buna isimlerin kabalas\u0131 da denir. Bu s\u0131rada Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Tevrat<\/em> \u2018 ta gizlenmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn isimleri ezberden okunur. B\u00fcy\u00fck kabalist Abulafia, \u201d \u0130smin [ Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n, yani JHWH]\u00a0 herf harfinin ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir oldu\u011fu konusunda uyar\u0131r, buna g\u00f6re jod da bir isimdir ve JH de bir isimdir. <\/em>\u201d Bundan \u015f\u00f6yle devam edilebilir: JHW<\/em> de Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir ismidir ve HJW ve WJH ve HWJ ve WHJ ve JWH<\/em> de Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n isimleridir, b\u00f6ylece Tevrat \u2018 ta bu harflerin ve harf kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer isimleri, \u00f6rne\u011fin Adanaj, Zebaoth, \u015eaddaj ya da El d<\/em>e ezberden okumaya kat\u0131l\u0131nca harf kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n miktari t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015farak b\u00fcy\u00fcr. E\u011fer ezberden okuma s\u0131ras\u0131nda emredilmi\u015f nefes teknikleri de uygulan\u0131rsa, ekstasenin kabalistleri git gide daha yukar\u0131ya y\u00fckseltmesi koalyca g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcne getirebilir, ta ki tanr\u0131sal isimlerin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedene kadar ve sonunda onun i\u00e7inde \u201d -Ta\u00e7 \u201ca ( \u201d Kethet \u201c, en y\u00fcksek Sefira )<\/em> da ula\u015f\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir varl\u0131k daha yukar\u0131ya y\u00fckseltilemez, ba\u015f melekler bile. Tanr\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131lmazd\u0131r, kabalistlerin \u201d Ajn sof , \u201d s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, bo\u015f alan \u201d <\/em>dedikleri ( kelime olarak: \u201d bu s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fildir \u201c, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ve iradesi \u00fczerine \u201d Ajn <\/em>\u201d dan (\u201d O de\u011fildir \u201c)<\/em> ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, yine ula\u015f\u0131lmaz olan t\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en eski temelinde \u00fczerindedir.<\/p>\n

    Kelime kombinasyonunu meditasyon sanat\u0131 \u201d Temurah<\/em> \u201c\u0131n yan\u0131nda kabalistler \u201d Notarikon \u201d <\/em>ve \u201c\u00a0 Gematria \u201c<\/em> y\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201d Notarikon<\/em> \u201d da her hangi bir kelime dizisinin ya da \u00f6rne\u011fin dize ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 harfleri yeni bir kelime olu\u015fturur. Musa\u2019n\u0131n 5. kitab\u0131nda RAB, emirlerine uymas\u0131 konusunda halk\u0131 uyar\u0131r ve \u015f\u00f6yle der ( B\u00f6l\u00fcm 30, dize 11 f. ):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sana bug\u00fcn verdi\u011fim emir senden saklanmamaktad\u0131r, ne uzakta ne de g\u00f6kte, \u00f6yle ki \u015funu s\u00f6yleme: Kim bizim i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kacak ve onu alacak ki biz onu duyal\u0131m ve yapal\u0131m ? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Umberto Eco, Kusursuz Dilin Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, \u0130ncil\u2019in bu k\u0131sm\u0131ndan, burada \u201d bizim i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u011fe kim \u00e7\u0131kacak ( mij ja\u2019al\u00e4h lanw hashamajemah )<\/em><\/strong> yar\u0131m soru t\u00fcmcesindeki kelimelerin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 harflerinin, s\u00fcnnet i\u00e7in \u0130branca kelimeyi ( MJLH )<\/em> ve son harflerinin Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ismini JHWH<\/em> olu\u015fturdu\u011funu g\u00f6sterek, bir Notarikon i\u00e7in g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Yan\u0131 yar\u0131m soru t\u00fcmcesinin mistik anlam\u0131 \u015fudur: S\u00fcnnet EFEND\u0130\u2019 ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0130branca harflerin say\u0131 de\u011ferlerini inceleyen Gematria tekni\u011finde, kelimeler aras\u0131ndaki mistik ili\u015fkiler ya da m\u00fcnferit kelimelerin mistik anlamlar\u0131 ke\u015ffedebilir. Olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k iktibas edilen \u00f6rnek Tanr\u0131 ad\u0131, say\u0131 de\u011feri 72 olan JHWH \u2018dir<\/em>, \u00f6yle ki bu say\u0131 Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mistik \u201d ger\u00e7ek<\/em> \u201d isimlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm halklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir.<\/p>\n

    XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca kabalistlerin \u00f6\u011fretileri, ba\u015fta Fransa ve \u0130talya olmak \u00fczere, H\u0131ristiyanlar taraf\u0131nda da \u00f6\u011frenilir. XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Isabela von Kastilya ve Ferdinand von Aragon\u2019un alt\u0131nda \u0130spanyol Yahudileri\u2019 nin da\u011f\u0131lt\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, T\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019daki h\u00fcmanistler aras\u0131nda geni\u015f bir kabul ya\u015fan\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada Cosima deMedici\u2019nin vakfetti\u011fi Floransa\u2019 daki Platonik Akademi\u2019 de \u00f6\u011fretmen olan Marsilio Ficino, bundan b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7 elde eder ; Almanya \u2018da Yuhanna Reuchlin, bir h\u0131ristiyan kabalisti\u011fi imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeden ilk ki\u015filerden birisidir. Bu yay\u0131lma \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kabala, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede mistik g\u00f6n\u00fclme ve meditasyon metodundan, ucuz b\u00fcy\u00fc sihir ba\u011fat\u0131ndaki ola\u011fan \u201d Gizli \u00f6\u011fretilerden<\/em> \u201d birisine dejenere olur ve Sefer Yetzirah, bilgili canl\u0131 yarat\u0131klar\u0131n ve Golem\u2019in yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fc kitab\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kabala \u0130branca \u201d kblh \u201d n\u0131n kelime \u00e7evirisi: \u201d A\u011f\u0131zdan kula\u011fa \u201cd\u0131r, \u201d Rivayet \u201d anlam\u0131na gelir; Orta\u00e7a\u011f Yahudi Mistik \u00f6\u011fretisi ve eserleri i\u00e7in derleyici tan\u0131mlamad\u0131r. Kabala, Tora ( Musa\u2019 n\u0131n be\u015f kitab\u0131 ) ve \u0130ncil\u2018 in di\u011fer kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel tefsirinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha \u00f6nceki tefsirlerin ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f derlemelerinden, \u00f6rne\u011fin Talmud \u2018da bulunduklar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":32109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1408],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32234"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32234"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32234\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stil-vagonu.com\/kadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}